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Objective:To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the activation of human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) and its mechanism.Methods:Tenon capsule tissues from nine eyes of nine advanced primary open angle glaucoma patients during trabeculectomy were obtained for primary cell culture.HTFs harvested were identified by immunofluorescence staining for vimentin and keratin.Cells at passage 4-6 were used for experiment.Viability of HTFs treated with EGCG at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 μmol/L was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.The cells were divided into blank control group, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced group, and EGCG-treated group, which were cultured in normal medium, medium containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β, medium containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β+ 50 μmol/L EGCG, respectively.The proliferation rate of HTFs was detected by BrdU labeling assay.Cell migration was observed by scratch wound healing assay.The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured by immunofluorescence staining.The protein relative expression levels of Smad2/3, phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were measured by western blot.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (NO.GDREC2019331H[R1]).Results:The HTFs harvested had spindle shape, grew regularly and were vimentin-positive.CCK-8 assay showed that there was no significant difference in the variability of HTFs treated with EGCG at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L in comparison with 0 μmol/L EGCG treatment (all at P<0.05). BrdU labeling assay showed that cell proliferation in the TGF-β1-induced group was (66.37±12.65)%, which was significantly higher than (14.75±12.33)% in EGCG-treated group ( P<0.05). Three days after scratch, the relative scratch area in the TGF-β1-induced group was (47.33±12.22)%, which was significantly lower than (92.67±4.04)% in the EGCG-treated group ( P<0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that α-SMA fluorescence was significantly enhanced in the TGF-β1-induced group in comparison with the blank control group, which was reduced to blank control group level in EGCG-treated group.Western blot analysis showed that there were significant differences in the relative expression levels of p-Smad2/3, PI3K and p-Akt protein among the various groups ( F=58.820, 121.153, 69.289; all at P<0.001). The relative expressions of p-Smad2/3, PI3K and p-Akt in the TGF-β1-induced group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group, 10 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L EGCG-treated groups (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:EGCG can suppress TGF-β1-induced HTFs activation through Smad and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Objective:To explore the learning guidance model and its influencing factors of undergraduates in medical schools.Methods:Based on the developmental learning guidance theory, 1 117 undergraduates from two undergraduate medical universities were selected as the research objects, through questionnaire surveys to collect their knowledge learning, curriculum learning and other core variables, and balanced guidance, compound guidance and other outcome variables, using Smart PLS 3.0 to test the validity of the samples.Results:There were statistical significance in the path relationship affecting the core variables and the outcome variables of the learning guidance model, P<0.05, indicating that the influencing factors of the learning guidance model had a significantly positive effect on the learning guidance model construction. Conclusion:Constructing a "balanced-compound-special" learning guidance model suitable for undergraduates' learning activities in medical universities provides a reference for the application and promotion of learning guidance model in medical undergraduate stage.
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Objective To promote the research innovative capacity for the academic medical graduate student to adapt to the development of modern medicine,life science,as well as the trend of interdisciplinary integration.Methods The curriculum reform of the medical graduate student was carried out by taking into account of the knowledge context and systematic implementation,which covered the latest development of global life science and scientific research methodologies from the context perspective,also the interdisciplinary integration and the consistency and extension of knowledge from the structure perspective.Results A totally new core curriculum system for medical graduated students,which including four modules:public courses,core courses,professional courses and elective courses,was set up.Furthermore,related administrative mechanism reform was also carried out.Conclusions The new curriculum constructed is based on the integration of research and teaching,highlighted the needs for research innovation which is well adapted with the development trend of life science,break down the traditional barriers of different disciplines,contributes to the integration of interdisciplinary,as well as the promotion of research innovative capacities of graduate students.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of problem-based learning on improving the medical educational environment
Materials and Methods: All relevant studies on problem-based learning and the medical educational environment were searched for in PubMed, the Education Resources Information Center [ERIC] catalogue, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] and WanFang Data [WF] databases for material dating from 1969 to May 2015 without any language limitation. Six randomized controlled trials of problem-based learning compared to traditional lecture-based learning were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Review Manager [Revman] version 5.3 software was used for data analysis. The effect size of the improvement on the medical educational environment was calculated as the mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochrane's chi[2] test and I[2]. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot, Begg's rank correlation test, and Egg's linear regression test
Results: The six included studies were at low risk of bias in all domains except for three that were at high risk of bias in the domain of allocation concealment. The pooled effect size showed that problem-based learning was better than lecture-based learning in improving the medical educational environment, as measured by the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure [DREEM], with statistically significant differences. No significant publication bias was observed. The sensitivity analysis showed that the result was reliable
Conclusions: This study showed that problem-based learning was able to improve the medical educational environment as measured by DREEM. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and high-quality data are needed
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This article analyzed the current problems existing in the public health master cur-ricula system, such as educational ideas being backward, tralning objectives not explicit, curricula teaching unsatisfactory and effects of practical curriculum needing to be improved. Based on the pro-fessional competencies, we discussed the ideas and principles of the new curricula system of master of public health, and proposed making sure of a refined professional competencies, making strict traln-ing standards, confirming tralning objectives, embodying advantages, setting up reasonable curricula, fostering practical abilities, strengthening cooperation and carrying on professional identification.
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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common sight-threatening eye disease.RP is characterized by highly genetical and phenotypical heterogeneity.Identification of the causative genes of RP is the first step toward the understand of the molecular basis of RP and,subsequently,toward the prevention and treatment of RP.In recent years,there have been new progress in the study on RP.This review mainly focuses on recent advances in the gene-related studies of autosomal dominant RP (adRP) and autosomal recessive RP (arRP) with emphasis on the roles of common genes,as well as their possible mechanisms in RP in order to provide the essential reference for the genetics research of RP.